To assess sources and processes that affect the variability of CO2 at local to regional scales, we have analyzed the mixing ratio [CO2] and stable isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ18O) of atmospheric CO2 for three years (2014–2016) in urban and sub-urban areas in Taipei, Taiwan. The data are compared with those from some background sites, viz., Lulin, Mauna Loa, and Minamitorishima, to evaluate how local emissions affect CO2 level regionally. [CO2] over the urban and sub-urban stations are significantly higher than that observed at the three aforementioned remote sites mainly due to local emissions, which partly mask the seasonal cycle caused by photosynthesis and respiration. Likewise, significantly low δ13C and δ18O values observed at two Taipei stations also point to anthropogenic emissions. The seasonal cycles in [CO2] and in the isotopic compositions are retrieved using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method. Regional impact is assessed using CO2 products from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 satellite, the NOAA/EARL CarbonTracker project, and meteorological data from European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecast-Interim. We found that besides local emissions, Taiwan is largely affected by external CO2 in winter and spring originated from north, west and southwest landmasses. In winter air masses with elevated CO2 concentrations, originated in eastern China influence Taipei. In spring season, about 2 ppmv enhancement in CO2 observed at the top of Lulin, a high mountain station (2.8 km), could be linked to CO2 produced by biomass burning in the southeast Asian countries and transported to the region by easterly winds. Plain Language Summary We presented CO2 mixing ratio and stable isotope data, measured for more than three years in an urban and a sub-urban station in Taipei to identify their sources and asses the spatial heterogeneity and their influence on a regional scale. We also combined ground based observation by NOAA at a high mountain station in the central Taiwan with Orbital Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite data, Carbon Tracker data and ECMWF wind data to identify the long-range transported CO2 over the region in different seasons. We showed that Taiwan and its surrounding regions are affected by CO2 from Eastern China in winter and south-east Asia in spring. The winter season pollutants are due to anthropogenic emissions in China and is transported by the strong winter monsoon. During the spring time, easterlies carry pollutants produced by massive biomass burning along with fossil fuel combustion in the south Asian countries.